• • • Timestamps

• • Sarbanes-Oxley compliance ### Does this really belong here??

Files and Database topics

• • Sequential
  • Direct
• File organization
  • Sequential
  • Hashed
    • Hash cluster
  • Indexed

• • • • B-tree based indexing

• • • • Hash-based indexing

• • Performance issues

• Physical and logical files
• Buffer management

• • Database administration

• • • • • Entity type
        • Relationship type
        • Attribute type

• • • • • ER Diagram

• • • • Database schema

• • • • • Relational database schema

• • • • • • • Base relation
            • Virtual relation

• • • • • • • • Attribute
                • Candidate key
              • Domain
              • Constraint
                • Entity integrity
                  • Primary key
                • Referential integrity
                  • Foreign key
                • Domain integrity
                • Functional dependency

• • • • • • Tuples

• • • • • • Relational algebra operations
          • Relational calculus

• • CASE tools in data modeling

• • • Query processing
    • Query optimization

• • • SQL as DDL

• • • SQL as DML
    • SQL Optimization techniques

• • • Horizontal partitioning
    • Vertical partitioning

• • Specifying characteristics of fields
    • Selecting data type
    • Ensuring data integrity
    • Handling missing data
  • Database tuning
  • Partitioning
    • Horizontal
    • Vertical

• • Sarbanes-Oxley compliance

• Information search and information retrieval

• File structures
  • Record
    • Fixed
    • Variable length
    • Field
      • Type
  • File access
    • sequential
    • direct
  • performance issues
  • Index
    • Primary
    • Secondary
    • Clustering
    • Indexing techniques
      • B-trees
        • VSAM
        • Dynamic, multilevel indexes
      • Hashing
        • External
        • Internal
    • Indexing challenges
      • Files with dense index
      • Files with variable length records
  • Storage requirements for different atomic data types

• • Relational databases

• • XML databases

• Data and information modeling
  • Data model
    • Conceptual data model / Semantic data model
      • Entity-relationship model
        • entity type
        • relationship type
        • attribute type
        • Enhanced entity-relationship model
      • Object-oriented data model
      • Specific modeling languages
        • UML Class diagram

• • • • CASE Tools in data modeling
      • Analysis of data requirements
      • Identification of business rules

• • • Logical data model
      • Hierarchical data model
      • Network data model
      • Relational data model
        • Database schema
          • Relation
            • base relation
            • virtual relation
            • Relational structure
              • attribute
                • candidate key
              • domain
              • constraint
                • entity integrity
                  • primary key
                • referential integrity
                  • foreign key
                • domain integrity
                • functional dependency
          • Database constraint
            • Subset constraint
        • Content
          • tuples
        • Relational manipulation operations
          • relational algebra operations

• • • • • • relational calculus

• • • • • • Mapping conceptual schema to a relational schema
          • Normalization
            • Normal form
              • 1NF
              • 2NF
              • 3NF
              • BCNF
              • 4NF
              • 5NF
            • Anomaly
            • Multivalued dependency
            • Joint dependency
    • Physical data model
    • Data model for data integration (data warehousing, data marts)
      • Dimensional model
      • Star schema
• Database languages

• • • query optimization

• • • Data definition language
      • Constraints
      • Integrity enforcement
    • Data manipulation language
    • Optimization techniques

• • Persistent programming languages
  • Object Query Language
  • XQuery
  • XPath

• Transaction processing

• • Serializability
    • Locking

• Distributed databases

• • Homogeneous
  • Heterogeneous

• • Federated

• Physical database design

• • File processing

• • Patterns
    • Association rules
    • Clustering
    • Frequent sets

• • • Noise
    • Redundancy
    • Outliers

• • • Classification techniques

• • Summarization and visualization

• • • Query formulation

• • • Information seeking behavior
    • Information need analysis

• Web data
• Markup language
  • HTML
  • SGML
  • XML
    • tagging
    • document nodes
    • element nodes
    • attribute nodes
    • text nodes
    • document order
    • well-formedness
    • namespace
    • DTD
    • XML Schema
      • Validity
      • Simple types
      • Complex types
      • Anonymous types
      • Key
      • Refkey
• Query and restructuring language
  • XPath
  • XQuery
  • XSLT

• Presentation, transformations, synchronization

• Protocols and systems (including web, HTTP)

• • Transaction management and concurrency

• • Recovery from failures

• • Optimization

• • • Encryption

• • Ownership and access control; authorization techniques

• Web services

• Multimedia databases

• Textual databases

• Information abstraction

Files and database topics

• I/O operations
• physical and logical files
• buffer management
• file structures
  • file access
  • performance issues
  • indexed files
  • B-trees
  • indexed sequential access
  • B+ trees
  • VSAM files
  • hashing

• • Application programs

• Schema Architecture
  • fact based
  • relational
  • hierarchical
  • network

• Query languages
  • foundations
  • query processing
  • query optimisation

• Scalability
• Efficiency
  • Throughput
  • Response time

• Scalibility

• • Effectiveness: precision and recall

Information models and systems

• Information capture and representation
• Analysis and indexing
• Search, retrieval, linking, navigation
• Information privacy, integrity, security, and preservation
• Scalability, efficiency, and effectiveness

Database systems

• Database vs. flat files
• Data independence
• Components of database systems
  • Data
  • Data dictionary
  • Application programs???
  • Users
  • Database administration (reference)
• DBMS functions
• Database architecture
• Types of databases
  • Relational databases (reference)
  • Object-oriented databases
  • Rule-based databases
  • Multimedia databases (reference)
  • Textual databases
• Database machines

Data and information modeling

• Types of data models: conceptual, logical, physical
• Conceptual models
  • Entity-relationship models
  • Enhanced entity-relationship models
  • Semantic data models
  • Object-oriented data models
  • Analysis of data requirements
  • Identification of business rules
• Logical data models (including relational and object-relational data model)
  • Schema and subschema
• Physical data models
• Traditional data models: hierarchical, network
• Data models for data integration (data warehousing, data marts)
  • Dimensional models
  • Star schema
• Standardized modeling
  • IDEF1
  • UML
  • Patterns and standard models
• CASE tools in data modeling
• Meta-modeling
• Information abstraction

Relational databases

• Mapping conceptual schema to a relational schema
  • Representing relationships
• Integrity
  • Referential
  • Data item
  • Entity
  • Intra relation???
• Relational algebra and relational calculus
  • union, intersection, difference, Cartesian product
  • select, product, join, division
• Relational database design
  • Functional dependency
  • Normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF)
  • Multivalued dependency (4NF)
  • Joint dependency (PJNF, 5NF)
  • Domain Key NF???
  • Second order relations???
  • Representation theory???

Database languages

• Use of database query languages
• Data definition languages (DDL)
• Data manipulation languages (DML)
• SQL
  • Data definition language??? (should this be here, too)
  • Data manipulation language??? (should this be here, too)
  • Query formulation
  • Constraints and integrity enforcement
• Database (persistent) programming languages??? (is this still relevant?)
• Query optimization
  • SQL performance tuning/optimization
• QBE and 4th-generation environments
• Object Query Language???
• Reporting languages and tools
• XML
• Schema definition languages
• Stored procedures
• Triggers
• Embedding non-procedural queries in a procedural language

Transaction processing

• Transactions
  • Commit
    • Implicit commit
  • Rollback
    • Logging
  • Efficiency
• Failure and recovery
• Concurrency control
  • Isolation mechanisms

Distributed databases

• Distributed data storage
  • Data fragmentation
  • Data replication
  • Data allocation
  • Horizontal/vertical partitioning
• Distributed query processing
• Distributed transaction model
  • Two-phase commit
• Distributed concurrency control
  • Distinguished copy technique
  • Voting method
• Homogeneous, heterogeneous, and federated databases
  • Data translation
  • Program translation
• Parallel databases

Physical database design

• Storage and file structure
  • Record
    • Fixed and variable length
  • Record type
  • File
• Indexed files
  • Primary, secondary, and clustering indexes
• Hashed files
  • External and internal hashing techniques
• Signature files
• B-trees
  • Dynamic, multilevel indexes
• Files with dense index
• Files with variable length records
• Database efficiency and tuning
• Storage requirements for different data types: characters, numbers, strings, text, sound, and video
• Characteristics of physical storage devices
• Data compression
  • Compression algorithms

Decision support

• On-line analytical processing
• Data integration
  • Data warehouses
  • Data marts
• Data mining
  • Uses of data mining
  • Associative and sequential patterns
  • Data clustering
  • Market basket analysis
  • Data cleaning
  • Data visualization
  • Effects of data problems on data mining results
    • Noise, redundancy, and outliers

Storage and retrieval of unstructured and semistructured information

• Content analysis and indexing
  • Classification and categorization
    • Metadata
    • Thesauri
    • Ontologies
    • Bibliographic information, bibliometrics, citations
    • Integration of citation, keyword, classification scheme, and other terms
  • Trees, inverted files, PAT trees, signature files, indexing
  • Morphological analysis, stemming, phrases, stop lists
  • Term frequency distributions, uncertainty, fuzziness, weighting
  • Vector space, probabilistic, logical, and advanced models
  • Textual information summarization and visualization
  • Abstracting methods
  • Dictionaries
• Information search and retrieval
  • Clustering
  • Information filtering
  • Query formulation
  • Relevance feedback
  • Retrieval process
  • Search process and strategy
  • Selection process
  • Information seeking behavior
  • User modeling
  • Information needs, relevance, evaluation, effectiveness
• Characters, strings, coding, text
• Documents, electronic publishing
• Concept of document markup and markup languages
  • XML???
  • SGML???
• Routing and (community) filtering
• Protocols and systems (including Z39.50, OPACs, WWW engines, research systems)

Hypertext and hypermedia

• Hypertext models (early history, web, Dexter, Amsterdam, HyTime^?)
• Link services, engines, and (distributed) hypertext architectures
• Nodes, composites, and anchors
• Dimensions, units, locations, spans
• Browsing, navigation, views, zooming
• Automatic link generation
• Presentation, transformations, synchronization (of what)???
• Authoring, reading, and annotation
• Protocols and systems (including web, HTTP)???

Multimedia information and systems (should multimedia information and systems be separated???)

• Devices, device drivers, control signals and protocols, DSPs
• Applications, media editors, authoring systems, and authoring
• Streams/structures, capture/represent/transform, spaces/ domains, compression/coding
• Content-based analysis, indexing, and retrieval of audio, images, and video
• Presentation, rendering, synchronization, multi-modal integration/interfaces
• Real-time delivery, quality of service, audio/video conferencing, video-on-demand

Digital libraries (why not an application area for unstructured information)?

• Collection
  • Digitization, storage, and interchange
  • Digital objects, composites, and packages
• Dissemination
• Metadata, cataloging, author submission
• Naming, repositories, archives
• Spaces (conceptual, geographical, 2/3D, VR)
• Architectures (agents, buses, wrappers/mediators), interoperability
• Services (searching, linking, browsing, and so forth)
• Intellectual property rights management, privacy, protection (watermarking)
• Archiving and preservation, integrity
• Standards
• Systems issues
• User experience

Properties of data

• Quality
• Completeness
• Consistency
• Accuracy
• Timeliness

Managing the Database Environment

• Roles and responsibilities of database administrator function
• Database administration
  • Concurrency
    • Deadlock avoidance
  • Backup, recovery, and restart
  • Redundancy
  • Replication
  • Logging
  • Security
    • Prevention of unauthorized access
    • Protection against malware
  • Privacy
  • Ownership and access control
• Data management audits
• Data management architectures
  • Host-based
  • File server
  • Client-server
  • n-tier

Database Application Interface

• Database connectivity
  • ODBC
  • JDBC
  • XML
• Web services (??? Does this belong here)
  • SOAP
  • WSDL
  • UDDI

Special purpose databases

• Temporal databases
• Spatial databases and GIS
• Scientific databases
• Statistical databases
• Image databases

Knowledge management

Data storage representations

• Composite structures
• Contiguous representations
• Hash-table representations
• Linked representations
• Object representation
• Primitive data items