Programming Languages

• The concept of a virtual machine
• Hierarchy of virtual machines
• Intermediate languages

Formal Definitions

Theory

Language Classifications

• Procedural
• Functional languages
  • Applicative
  • Single Assignment
• Object-oriented languages
• Logic
  • Declarative
  • Constraint logic languages
• Imperative
• Event-Driven
• Data flow languages
• Concurrent Languages
• Very high level languages (aka Fourth Generation Languages)
• Query Languages
• Assembly Languages
• Design languages
• Extensible languages
• Microprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Nondeterministic languages
• Specialized application languages
• Intermediate Languages
• Metalanguage
• Markup languages
• Scripting languages
• Modeling, specification languages (synonyms)

Language Constructs and Features

• Pointer to Programming Fundamentals

Language Translation and Execution

• Interpreters
• Compilers
• Debuggers
• Language translation phases
  • lexical analysis
  • parsing
  • code generation
  • optimization
• Computer architecture-specific translation requirements
  • Addressing modes
  • Instruction set
  • Instruction format
  • paralellism
• Computer architecture-independent translation elements
  • Regular expressions in lexical scanners
  • Parsing (concrete and abstract syntax, abstract syntax trees)
  • Context-free grammars in table-driven and recursive-descent parsing
  • Symbol table management
  • Code generation by tree walking
  • Optimization techniques
• Tools for the translation process
  • lexer (lexical analysis tool)
  • parser
• Separate (modular) compilation
  • Program libraries
  • Linking
• Retargetable compilers
• Translator writing systems compiler generators
• Run time environments

PL design and implementation

• Language design
  • General principles of language design
  • Design goals
  • Constraints
  • Programming language syntax
• Language features: implementation issues
  • Typing regimes
  • Data structure models
  • Name scopes
  • Declarations
    • binding
    • visibility
    • scope
    • lifetime
  • Instruction and control flow
  • Fuctions, procedures, and subroutines

• • • Run time memory management
      • Static and dynamic storage management
      • Activation records
      • Garbage collection

• • • • Heap
  • Coroutines
  • Data abstraction and object orientation
  • Input output

• • Concurrent programming structures
    • Threads
  • Modules packages
• Frameworks

• Informal semantics
• Formal semantics
  • Denotational semantics
  • Axiomatic semantics
  • Operational semantics

Programming Fundamentals

• Procedural programming
• Functional programming
• Object-oriented programming
• Event-Driven programming
• Logic Programming

Fundamental programming constructs: Basic syntax and semantics of a higher-level language

• Variables
• Types
  • Elementary types
  • Pointers
  • Structured types
    • Array
    • Record
    • String
  • Product and coproduct types
  • Algebraic types
  • Recursive types
  • Arrow (function) types
  • Parameterized types
  • User-defined types
  • Abstract data types
• Expressions
  • Order of evaluation
  • Side effects
• Assignments
• Arithmetic Operations
• Simple I/O
• Control flow
  • Sequential
  • Conditional
  • Iterative
  • Recursive
• Procedures
• Functions

• • Pass by reference
  • Pass by value
  • Pass by name
  • Pass by result
  • Pass by sharing
  • Pass by value-result

Algorithms and problem-solving

• Problem-solving strategies
• Algorithms: concepts & properties
• Algorithms: implementation
  • Testing
  • Debugging strategies

Data structures and Abstract Data Types (ADT)

• Linked Structures
• Hash Table

• Advanced Data Structures
• Set ADT
• Dictionary
• Graph
• Queue
• Stack
• Tree
• Implementation strategies
• Selection strategy

Recursion

• The concept of recursion
• Recursive mathematical functions
• Simple recursive procedures
• Divide-and-conquer strategies
• Recursive backtracking
• Implementation of recursion
• Recursive algorithms

Event-Driven Programming

• Event-handling methods
• Event propagation
• Managing concurrency in event handling

• Asynchronous I/O

• Polymorphism (subtype polymorphism vs. inheritance)
• Class hierarchies: Classes and subclasses
• Collection classes and iteration protocols
• Class objects
• Design patterns
• Reuse
• Encapsulation and information-hiding
• Separation of behavior and implementation
• Inheritance (overriding, dynamic dispatch)

Component-based computing

• API programming
• Class browsers and related tools
• Debugging in the API environment
• Using APIs
• Middleware

Programming Languages

• The concept of a virtual machine
• Hierarchy of virtual machines
• Intermediate languages

Formal Definitions

Theory

Language Classifications

• Procedural
• Functional languages
  • Applicative
  • Single Assignment
• Object-oriented languages
• Logic
  • Declarative
  • Constraint logic languages
• Imperative
• Event-Driven
• Data flow languages
• Concurrent Languages
• Very high level languages (aka Fourth Generation Languages)
• Query Languages
• Assembly Languages
• Design languages
• Extensible languages
• Microprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Nondeterministic languages
• Specialized application languages
• Intermediate Languages
• Metalanguage
• Markup languages
• Scripting languages
• Modeling, specification languages (synonyms)

Language Constructs and Features

• Pointer to Programming Fundamentals

Language Translation and Execution

• Interpreters
• Compilers
• Debuggers
• Language translation phases
  • lexical analysis
  • parsing
  • code generation
  • optimization
• Computer architecture-specific translation requirements
  • Addressing modes
  • Instruction set
  • Instruction format
  • paralellism
• Computer architecture-independent translation elements
  • Regular expressions in lexical scanners
  • Parsing (concrete and abstract syntax, abstract syntax trees)
  • Context-free grammars in table-driven and recursive-descent parsing
  • Symbol table management
  • Code generation by tree walking
  • Optimization techniques
• Tools for the translation process
  • lexer (lexical analysis tool)
  • parser
• Separate (modular) compilation
  • Program libraries
  • Linking
• Retargetable compilers
• Translator writing systems compiler generators
• Run time environments

PL design and implementation

• Language design
  • General principles of language design
  • Design goals
  • Constraints
  • Programming language syntax
• Language features: implementation issues
  • Typing regimes
  • Data structure models
  • Name scopes
  • Declarations
    • binding
    • visibility
    • scope
    • lifetime
  • Instruction and control flow
  • Fuctions, procedures, and subroutines

• • • Run time memory management
      • Static and dynamic storage management
      • Activation records
      • Garbage collection

• • Coroutines
  • Data abstraction and object orientation
  • Input output

• • Concurrent programming structures
    • Threads
  • Modules packages
• Frameworks

• Informal semantics
• Formal semantics
  • Denotational semantics
  • Axiomatic semantics
  • Operational semantics

Programming Fundamentals

Programming Paradigms

• Procedural programming
• Functional programming
• Object-oriented programming
• Event-Driven programming
• Logic Programming

Fundamental programming constructs: Basic syntax and semantics of a higher-level language

• Variables
• Types
  • Elementary types
  • Structured types
  • Product and coproduct types
  • Algebraic types
  • Recursive types
  • Arrow (function) types
  • Parameterized types
  • User-defined types
  • Abstract data types
• Expressions
  • Order of evaluation
  • Side effects
• Assignments
• Arithmetic Operations
• Simple I/O
• Control flow
  • Sequential
  • Conditional
  • Iterative
  • Recursive
• Procedures
• Functions
• Parameters
  • • Pass by reference
    • Pass by value
    • Pass by name
    • Pass by result
    • Pass by sharing
    • Pass by value-result

Algorithms and problem-solving

• Problem-solving strategies
• Algorithms: concepts & properties
• Algorithms: implementation
• Debugging strategies

Data structures

• Primitive types
• Array
• Record
• Stack
• Queue
• Heap
• String
• Pointer
  • Pointers and functions
  • Pointers and arrays
  • Arrays of pointers
  • Multidimensional arrays and pointers
  • Static initialization of pointer arrays
  • Pointers and structures
  • Command-Line Arguments
  • Pointers and linked lists
  • Pointer and trees
  • Pointers and references
• Hash Table
• Graph
• Tree
• Linked Structures
• Implementation strategies
• Selection strategy

Recursion

• The concept of recursion
• Recursive mathematical functions
• Simple recursive procedures
• Divide-and-conquer strategies
• Recursive backtracking
• Implementation of recursion
• Recursive algorithms

Event-Driven Programming

• Event-handling methods
• Event propagation
• Managing concurrency in event handling
• Exception handling
• Asynchronous I/O

Object-oriented design

• Polymorphism (subtype polymorphism vs. inheritance)
• Class hierarchies: Classes and subclasses
• Collection classes and iteration protocols
• Class objects
• Design patterns
• Reuse
• Encapsulation and information-hiding
• Separation of behavior and implementation
• Inheritance (overriding, dynamic dispatch)

Component-based computing

• API programming
• Class browsers and related tools
• Debugging in the API environment
• Using APIs
• Middleware

-- Main.nova - 31 Aug 2006