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Main.ComputerHardwareOrganization
r1.8 - 27 Sep 2007 - 23:32 - Main.nova
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---++ Computer Hardware Organization Digital logic * Logic expressions * Transformation * minimization * normal forms Digital systems * Electronic circuits * logic gates * Combinational Circuits * Multiplexers * Decoders * Encoders * PLA * switching * Feedback Circuits * counters * adders * flip-flops * registers * Design Considerations * layout * placement * routing * VLSI * concurrency * constraints * delay * race conditions * fanout * heat * speed * Integrated circuits * Hardware Language * Register transfer notation * functional considerations * Hardware description languages (e.g. VHDL) Logic Design * General * Design Styles * Cellular arrays and automata * Combinational logic * Logic arrays * Memory control and access * Memory used as logic * Parallel circuits * Sequential circuits * Reliability, Testing and Fault-Tolerance * Built-in tests * Error-checking * Redundant design * Test generation * Testability * Design Aids * Automatic synthesis * Hardware description languages * Optimization * Simulation * Switching theory * Verification * Miscellaneous Integrated Circuits * General * Types and Desgin Styles * Advanced technologies * Algoritms implemented in hardware * Gate arrays * Input/output circuits * Memory technologies * Microprocessors and microcomputers * Standard cells * VLSI * Design Aids * Graphics * Layout * Placement and routing * Simulation * Verification * Reliability and Testing * Built-in tests * Error-checking * Redundant design * Test generation * Testability * Miscellaneous Performance and Reliability * General * Reliability, Testing and Fault-Tolerance * Performance Analysis and Design * Miscellaneous Machine level representation of data * Storage units * Bits * Bytes * Words * Information Representation * Size * Range * Precision * Accuracy * Binary data * Encrypted * Compressed * Compiled code * Numeric * Integer * Twos complement * Sign magnitude * Ones complement * Non Integer * Fixed point * Floating point * IEEE standard * Character * standards * ASCII * UNICODE * EBCDIC * formats * font * color * size * style * Graphical * vector * raster * pixels * Multimedia * sound * video * image * standards * jpg * tiff * gif * Complex data * Record (struc) * String * Array * Multiple precision * Pointer (aka address) * Programs * Instruction * Format * Addressing modes * Instruction types * data manipulation * control * sequential * loop * decision (if) * subroutine call * parallel * interrupt * input/output * Encoding standards * Compression * Integrity * Error correcting/dectecting codes * parity * Hamming code * Fault handling Machine Organization * Design Structure * vonNeumann * Processor Count * Single Processor * Multi Processor * Multi Core Processsor * Embedded system * Special Purpose processors * Graphics processor * Games processor * Other special purpose processors * Register-Transfer-Level Implementation * General * Design * Arithmetic and logic units * Control design * Data-path design * Memory Design * Styles (e.g. parallel, pipeline, special-purpose) * Design Aids * Automatic synthesis * Hardware design languages * Optimization * Simulation * Verification * Reliability, Testing and Fault-Tolerance * Built-in tests * Error-checking * Redundant design * Test generation * Testability * Miscellaneous * Central Processing Unit * Processor system design * clock * control * data bus * address bus * Address decoding * Memory interfacing * Interfaces * parallel * serial * Timers * System firmware * Instruction Set Architecture * Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) * Reduced Instrucion Set Computer (RISC) * Very Large Instruction Word (VLIW) * Short vector instruction sets * Compiler requirements * Multimedia application connections * Streaming extensions * Security requirements * Performance * Pipeline * Hazards * Structural * Data * Data Control * Superscalar architecture * Multithreading * Scalability * Metrics * clock rate * MIPS * Cycles per instruction * benchmarks * strengths & weaknesses * averaging * arithmetic * geometric * harmonic * Amdahl's law * Moore's law * Control Unit * Design Considerations * Microprogramming * Hard wiring * Operation * Machine Cycle * Fetch Instruction * Decode * Fetch operands * Execute * Write result * Arithmetic - Logic Unit * Design Considerations * Performance * Functional Units * Adders * Half Adders * Full Adders * Fast Adders * Multipliers * Logic Unit (aka Boolean Unit) * Floating Point Unit * Algorithms * Implemenation * Standards * Data path * Bus * Single * Multiple * Protocols * Arbitration * Storage * Latency * Bandwidth * Cycle time * Organization * Interleaving * Registers * Accumulator * Program Counter * Instruction Register * Stack Pointer * Memory Buffer Register * Memory Address Register * Interrupt bits (register) * Processor Status Word * General Purpose Registers * Cache * Characteristics * Address mapping * Block size / line size * Replacement policy * Store policy * write-back policies * write through policies * Performance * Branch prediction * Prefetching * Speculative execution * Levels * L0 * L1 * L2 * RAM * DIMM * DRAM * SDRAM * ROM * EPROM * EEPROM * External Storage * Connection * Directly connected * Off line * Networked * RAID architectures * Magnetic * Tape * Disk * RAID * SMART Technology * Optical * CD-ROM * DVD * Flash drive * Electronic * Smart cards * Mobile phones * MP3 players * Network Storage * Other External Storage * Input - Output and Data Communications * Performance * fault detection * Interface / Communication * Handshaking * Buffering * Double buffering * Programmed * Interrupt driven * Interrupt structures * Interrupt controlers * vectored interrupt structures * prioritized interrupts * overhead * reentrant code * Direct Memory Access * Device Drivers * Analog to Digital Converters * Digital to Analog Converters * Secondary Storage * Input Devices * Keyboard * Mouse * Voice Input device * Data gathering devices * Temperature Probe * Geographical Positioning System * Biometric * Other sensors * SMART card reader * Graphic tablet * Camera * Output Devices * Printer * Monitor/Display * Speaker * Alarm * Control devices * Other output devices * Data communications * Interconnections (Subsystems) * Asynchronous/synchronous operation * Fiber optics * Interfaces * Parallel I/O * Topology (e.g. bus, point-to-point) * Radio
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