Programming Fundamentals

Programming Paradigms

• Procedural programming
• Functional programming
• Object-oriented programming
• Event-Driven programming
• Logic Programming

Fundamental programming constructs: Basic syntax and semantics of a higher-level language

• Variables
• Types
  • Elementary types
  • Pointers
  • Structured types
    • Array
    • Record
    • String
  • Product and coproduct types
  • Algebraic types
  • Recursive types
  • Arrow (function) types
  • Parameterized types
  • User-defined types
  • Abstract data types
• Expressions
  • Order of evaluation
  • Side effects
• Assignments
• Arithmetic Operations
• Simple I/O
• Control flow
  • Sequential
  • Conditional
  • Iterative
  • Recursive
• Procedures
• Functions
• Parameters
  • Pass by reference
  • Pass by value
  • Pass by name
  • Pass by result
  • Pass by sharing
  • Pass by value-result

Algorithms and problem-solving

• Problem-solving strategies
• Algorithms: concepts & properties
• Algorithms: implementation
  • Testing
  • Debugging strategies

Data structures and Abstract Data Types (ADT)

• Linked Structures
• Hash Table
• Heap
• Advanced Data Structures
• Set ADT
• Dictionary
• Graph
• Queue
• Stack
• Tree
• Implementation strategies
• Selection strategy

Recursion

• The concept of recursion
• Recursive mathematical functions
• Simple recursive procedures
• Divide-and-conquer strategies
• Recursive backtracking
• Implementation of recursion
• Recursive algorithms

Event-Driven Programming

• Event-handling methods
• Event propagation
• Managing concurrency in event handling
• Exception handling
• Asynchronous I/O

Object-oriented design

• Polymorphism (subtype polymorphism vs. inheritance)
• Class hierarchies: Classes and subclasses
• Collection classes and iteration protocols
• Class objects
• Design patterns
• Reuse
• Encapsulation and information-hiding
• Separation of behavior and implementation
• Inheritance (overriding, dynamic dispatch)

Component-based computing

• API programming
• Class browsers and related tools
• Debugging in the API environment
• Using APIs
• Middleware